Must see! Escape rules for crowded places
HC Fire Network News 2017 China Fire Safety Industry Conference (CFIC2017) webcast fire top ten brands and ingenuity glory awards direct hit
Moscow fire
On October 8, local time, a fire broke out in a large shopping mall called "SINDIKA" about 60 kilometers from Moscow.
The mall is located in the northwest of Moscow with a total area of ​​150,000 square meters. According to the "Moscow Evening News" website news, the afternoon of the mall began to catch fire on the first floor. The fire quickly spread to the entire mall. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, two people were injured in the fire, more than 3,000 people were evacuated, and the fire area of ​​the mall reached 55,000 square meters.
In order to put out the fire, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations dispatched 28 ground equipment, 2 card 32 helicopters and nearly 100 firefighters.
According to Russian media quoted the Russian Tas news agency, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations said that the fire location is an underground parking lot. The same source also said that several cars in the underground parking lot exploded.
The cause of the current fire is still unclear. Russian experts estimate that the damage caused by the fire is about 5.5 billion to 6.5 billion rubles (about 100 million to 117 million US dollars).
With the development and progress of the society, the frequency of fires is getting higher and higher, and in the tens of thousands of occurrences in China every year, the fires in densely populated places occupy a considerable proportion. The fire accidents of group deaths are common, due to the crowded places. After the fire, the losses are too heavy and the social impact is extremely bad. Therefore, it is an important goal and an urgent task to prevent and control the fires in densely populated areas.
What is a crowded place?
Personnel-intensive places refer to public gathering places, hospital outpatient buildings, ward buildings, school teaching buildings, libraries, canteens and collective dormitories, nursing homes, welfare homes, nurseries, kindergartens, public library reading rooms, public exhibition halls. The exhibition hall of the museum, the production and processing workshops of labor-intensive enterprises and the collective dormitory of employees, tourism and religious activities.
Causes of fire in crowded places
1. With the general increase in fire, water, oil, and gas, the risk of fire increases.
2. Fire safety management does not pay attention to it, only pursues economic benefits and neglects safety measures.
3, flammable, flammable, explosive materials concentrated, complex decoration and decoration materials are flammable, explosive and toxic gases produced after combustion.
4. The hidden dangers are not rectified, the firefighting funds are not implemented, and there are many firefighting facilities in arrears.
5. Lack of relevant fire protection regulations to fundamentally reduce the intensity of fire hazards.
Fire characteristics in crowded places
Personal casualties: When a fire occurs in a concentrated area, a large amount of smoke and poison gas are generated, which makes the sight of the trapped person unclear. Soon, poisoning and unconsciousness will occur. The high temperature and hot air of burning make people Unbearable, extremely prone to panic, escaping in horror, crowding each other, even if not burned and smoked, it is very likely to be trampled on casualties, and crowds will inevitably lead to excessive evacuation, increased poisoning, suffocation and casualties The possibility.
Economic loss: With the development of China's reform and opening up economy, the rapid growth of social material wealth and commodity circulation, the scale of the development of crowded places has expanded unprecedentedly, and has presented more than three momentum. There are more and more comprehensive high-rise buildings and underground projects that are integrated with shopping, entertainment, catering and accommodation. There are more and more large-scale shopping malls, large-scale culture and gymnasiums. They are expensive to decorate, and they are flammable and explosive. The quantity of equipment, property, and circulation goods is high, and the personnel are concentrated in these places. In the event of a fire, economic losses and casualties are more serious.
Fire hazard in crowded places
1. Concentration of personnel, difficulty in evacuation, and easy to cause major casualties
2, indoor decoration, decoration, a large number of use of combustible, flammable materials
3, more electric equipment, more fire sources, not suitable for control
4, the fire spreads quickly, difficult to save
Tips to escape crowded places
1. Escape along the evacuation sign. Every personnel-intensive place is equipped with evacuation signs in the evacuation passages. When it is impossible to distinguish the direction of escape, it must be escaped along the direction indicated by the evacuation indication signs. It should be evacuated in an orderly manner, so that it cannot be run around in order to avoid a stepping accident. .
2, homemade equipment to escape. After a fire in a crowded place, more escape tools can be used. Such as the towel, curtain cloth soaked in the mouth, nose, as a smoke prevention tool; use ropes, carpets, curtains to open up escape routes.
3. Use building facilities to escape. Use the downpipe, the protruding part outside the house and the window leading to the outside to escape, or transfer to a safe area to find escape opportunities. Be bold and careful, especially old, weak, sick, disabled, women, young and other personnel, must not blindly engage, otherwise it is prone to casualties. Remember not to jump off the building and escape.
4. Find a shelter to escape. In the absence of a road to escape, you should actively seek shelter. For example, go to the balcony, the floor is flat and wait for rescue; choose a room where fire and smoke are difficult to spread, such as toilets, security rooms, etc., close the doors and windows, and block the gap. Regardless of the day or night, the trapped person should cry out for help, and constantly send out various distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers and help to get rid of.
5. Prevent smoke from entering the mouth during the escape process. Use the fire self-rescue breathing apparatus to protect the head and use a low-profile walking or crawling method to reduce the damage of the smoke to the human body. When escaping from the smoke area, pay attention to running in bright places or outside, and try to run below the floor as the fire mainly spreads upwards.
Evacuation and saving precautions
Fires in densely populated places, complex conditions, dense personnel, should pay attention to the following issues during evacuation:
1. Note that the number of channels and channels are artificially blocked. Many of the buildings built earlier, the width of the evacuation passages and the number of stairs and safety exits were not sufficient. After the fire, people were trapped in pocket walkways or rooms. Some buildings have a high fire-resistance level, but because they are single-family and generally have only one staircase, once a fire breaks out in a lower level, people above the fire floor are difficult to escape. In addition, some units have severely blocked the evacuation of the main entrances and exits or the installation of rolling gates and gates.
2. Pay attention to the timing of notification to prevent confusion. In the early stage of a fire in a centralized place, when people do not know about the fire, and there are many people and poor evacuation conditions, they should first notify the people in the vicinity of the exit or the most unfavorable area to evacuate, and then publicly notify the other people to evacuate. . When the fire is fierce, it should be publicly announced at the same time, so that all personnel are sparse.
3. Pay attention to evacuation time. A fire occurs in public entertainment venues, requiring personnel to evacuate within 3 to 6 minutes, otherwise there is a danger to life. Therefore, the evacuation organizer should try to ensure that the personnel withdraw within the prescribed time or withdraw from the pyrotechnic flood zone.
4. Take mandatory diversion when necessary. When the fire blockades the evacuation channel and people panic and chaos, the public security firefighters should immediately organize their forces, block the fire, cover the evacuation, and try to prevent people from rushing and take measures to evacuate the personnel. Area to prevent casualties.
5. Set up an alert at the mouth. Set up a warning at the exit to prevent family members looking for loved ones from entering the fire zone.
6, to count the number of people. The number of people to be rescued should be counted to see if they are all rescued.
7. Rescue personnel must do a good job of personal protection. When firefighters enter the fire area, in addition to wearing various safety protective equipment, if conditions permit, they should also consider carrying some safety protective equipment for the rescue of trapped personnel, and necessary for the poisoned. Protection to ensure maximum survival.
Fire prevention measures in crowded places
1. Strictly implement fire safety responsibility
2. Comprehensively carry out fire safety inspection
3. Ensure that fire protection facilities are in good condition
4, strict use of fire gas management
5. Strictly flammable and explosive dangerous goods management
6, carry out full fire drill training
7. Ensure fire safety for large events
8. It is strictly forbidden to use and control the flow of people.
9, equipped with evacuation escape equipment
10. Actively report fire hazards
In short, crowded places are mostly public entertainment places and service places, etc., mainly for highly concentrated places for people to work, live, study and entertain. It mainly has large shopping malls, bazaars, libraries, science and technology museums, and stations. Living places such as docks, dance halls, theaters, gymnasiums, video halls, fitness rooms and leisure venues. These places are also concentrated in flammable and explosive materials, and most of them are special building facilities (underground, high-rise) fires. The key to fire fighting is to rescue and evacuate personnel. In case of evacuation of personnel, follow the fire-fighting measures in crowded places, pay attention to smoke exhaust, the first power output, daily familiarity with the unit and the safety equipment. In addition, everyone should also pay attention to strengthening their own security measures and emergency response capabilities.
Editor in charge: Li Chenyu
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