"Yanliu draws a bridge, wind curtains and green curtains", "the outside of the broken bridge, lonely and open without the owner", "Xishan Baixue three cities, Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge" ... whether it is the ancient illust

"Yanliu draws a bridge, wind curtains and green curtains", "the outside of the broken bridge, lonely and open without the owner", "Xishan Baixue three cities, Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge" ... whether it is the ancient illustrations or game scene production, in In the ancient scenes, the bridge is an element that is never tired!

With its beautiful curvature and ingenious design, the Chinese ancient bridge blends with the surrounding environment and is one of the most beautiful buildings in China. To draw a more beautiful antique scene, adding a bridge to the picture is a good choice. And to draw a beautiful bridge, collecting materials and understanding the relevant knowledge is essential. Below, let Soap King come close with everyone and learn about China's ancient bridge!

The ancient Chinese bridges have various structural forms, which are divided into four categories according to their structure and construction methods: cable bridges, beam bridges, pontoons and arch bridges.

First, the cable bridge

Cable bridges are also known as suspension bridges and suspension bridges. The ancient books are called 絙 Bridge, 笮 Bridge, and rope bridge. First created in China. Because of some rivers in the southwest and northwestern regions, the valleys were so deep that they could not build piers and build bridges. The ancient people invented bamboo, rattan, iron, etc. as bridges. In Lu You's poems, "The degree is close to the thousand miles, the ladder is half empty" depicts the heroic posture of the cable bridge.

The cable bridge was originally built using bamboo or rattan, and later it was gradually changed to iron. More famous in the cable bridge is the Lanjin Bridge, which was built during the Eastern Han Dynasty and is also known as the Hongqiao. It was built on the Lancang River in Yunnan. Here, the cliffs on both sides of the strait go straight into the sky, and the waves are high and the water is rushing. The huge rocks that traverse the two sides of the strait are used as bridges. The famous cable bridge also has the Anzhen Bamboo Cable Bridge in Dujiangyan, Sichuan, and the Qingyun Bridge in the Minjiang River.

▲Yunnan Lancang Lanjin Bridge (霁虹桥)

â–²Anzhen Bamboo Cable Bridge in Dujiangyan, Sichuan

▲沘江青云桥

Reference drawing method:

â–²Ahn Bridge structure (from the "Chinese History of Image" hand drawing, Liang Sicheng)

Cable bridges often appear in martial arts film and television works, often in the case of chasing after the soldiers, in front of the cliffs and a rope bridge that looks crumbling, the protagonist breaks the cable bridge to let the companion go first; or the two are peerless The master’s dead face is on the cable bridge in the deep valley of the mountains, and one of them finally falls to the bridge...

â–²Teng Suoqiao in the movie "Embroidery Spring Knife 2"

â–²Sword three game scene screenshot

Second, Liangqiao

â–² Quanzhou Luoyang Bridge

â–²Safe Bridge

â–²Hangzhou West Lake Jiuqu Bridge

â–²Girder bridge structure diagram

Liangqiao is used in a wide range of applications, and it can be set off in any scene. The Shiliang Bridge is generally erected on a relatively wide river or lake surface, while the Zhuliang Bridge is often built on the foothills of the deep bamboo forest. Between the lotus ponds in the Jiangnan water town, they are often connected by wooden beams.

â–²Sword three game scene screenshot

Third, the arch bridge

China's arch bridge was built in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,800 years. It is gradually developed from the outrigger wood girder bridge and the bridge. The shape of the formation and development process is all curved, so it is often called the curved bridge in ancient times. In the ancient literature, the words "囷", "窌", "窦", "瓮" are also used to indicate the arch bridge.

The arch bridge is sleek, with a rounded curve and a dynamic feel. According to the material, there are arch bridges of stone, brick, bamboo and wood, and stone arch bridges are the most common. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, stone arch bridges have already appeared. The famous Anji Bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge) in Zhao County, Hebei Province is the stone bridge with the highest technology, the largest span and the oldest. This beautiful stone bridge has been praised as "a hundred feet of Changhong across the water surface, a crescent moon and a cloud", a masterpiece of bridge construction technology and art. In addition, the Yongtong Bridge in Zhao County, Hebei Province, is also a model for the structural science and construction technology of ancient Chinese arch bridges.

â–²Anji Bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge), Zhao County, Hebei Province

â–² Baodai Bridge on the Weihe River in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province

â–²Yongtong Bridge in Zhao County, Hebei Province

In addition to the stone arch bridge, during the Northern Song Dynasty, a unique wooden arch bridge, the Lishui Hongqiao, was also built. Hongqiao is also known as "Hongliang", "flying beam", and "flying bridge". Hongqiao was first established in Qingzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. Most of them were built on the Weihe River that was transported by the Liangliang River. The architectural technique of Hongqiao is characterized by the “stacked arches” of the main arch structure, which is made up of wooden beams. The overall shape is light and it is a pioneering work in the history of Chinese and foreign bridges. This new structure has become a “red beam structure”. The Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan’s "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" clearly depicts the prosperous scene on the Hongqiao.

â–² "Qingming Shanghe Map" (partial) Lishui Hongqiao

Reference drawing method:

â–²Anji Bridge, Yongtong Bridge structure diagram (from "Image Chinese Architecture History" hand drawing, Liang Sicheng)

The application range of the arch bridge is also very wide. From the inside of the imperial city to the outskirts of the village, you can see the arch bridge. The arch bridge can be built with great atmosphere, and the stone lions and carvings are decorated on the bridge rails. It can also be built with small and delicate air, lined with moss and willow.

In the film and television, the most popular ones are the broken bridges of Hangzhou West Lake. In the ancient online games, the broken bridges on the Hangzhou map are as indispensable classic scenes as the Leifeng Pagoda.

â–²Scorpio game scene screenshot

Fourth, the pontoon

The pontoon is an early bridge in ancient China. In ancient times, it was called the boat beam. It replaces the pier with a boat, so it is called “floating”, “floating” and “cycling”, and it is a temporary bridge. According to records, as early as the 11th century BC, there was a record of Zhou Wenwang "pro-welcoming the shackles and making the boat a beam." The floating body of the pontoon is generally a wooden boat, which can be roped, boated, locked, and the like. The pontoon can be erected regardless of the width of the water surface. Because of its convenient erection, low cost and convenient movement, the pontoon has been widely used and developed.

The erection of the pontoon is often used in the military, also known as the battle bridge, because of its simplicity and speed. During the Yuan Shizu, in order to unify the southwestern region, the army was sent to Sichuan, and more than 20 military pontoons were erected on the rapids such as the Baima River, Hejiang River, Peijiang River and Qingjiang River (the tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River). During the Battle of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms period, Pang Tong gave his mind to Cao Cao, letting Cao Cao connect the ships together. "The iron ropes are connected to the boat, and the river is as smooth as the river" is a typical example of practical application of the pontoon.

â–²Liu Daming's work "Chaozhou Guangji Bridge" Chinese painting

â–²Luzhou ancient pontoon bridge

â–²Lingjiang pontoon outside Nanmen City, Linhai County, Zhejiang Province

Reference drawing method:

â–²Simple pontoon schematic

The application range of the pontoon is much smaller than that of the arch bridge and the beam bridge, and it generally appears in the water town or the coastal area in the south of China. Because the pontoon is easy to construct and low cost, it is often used in warfare, so the pontoon can be seen in the war scenes of some games.

â–² Yulong in the sky game scene screenshot

The bridge construction in ancient China is rich and colorful, and the above is only part of the knowledge. If you want to draw a variety of buildings in an ancient scene, it is not good to study related historical materials. Only by collecting a large amount of materials and references, and having a deep understanding of the buildings to be painted, can we better restore the beauty of ancient architecture and create more outstanding works.

After that, Soap will also share more information about the architectural style of the ancient scenes from time to time, hoping to help everyone's painting power!

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