Decrypt 3D printed concrete structures and raw materials
In recent years, residential industrialization has developed rapidly with the support of national policies. A large number of industrialized residences have risen from the ground. Residential industrialization has entered the fast track of development, especially the development of information technology. , Intelligent development.
The emergence of 3D printed concrete buildings fully demonstrates the bright future of residential industrialization in the future. The realization of intelligent manufacturing in the construction industry is not a castle in the sky. Not long ago, a construction company in Shanghai built two buildings with 3D printers, one was located in The 1,100-square-meter villa in Shanghai, while the other is a 6-storey residential building in Suzhou, which is currently the world's tallest 3D printed building.
3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology, and its characteristics that are not limited by the product structure determine that it has sufficient use in many industries. From another perspective, 3D printing is just an advanced manufacturing technology and a tool. Its value as a product itself is not high, and it needs to realize value in industry applications. It is a process in which technological advantages and user needs gradually match. For 3D printed concrete buildings, cost, raw materials and structural safety are the key points for its future development.
3D printed concrete structure analysis
At present, the 3D printing concrete building is a modular design of the entire building, the 3D printer is used to print the building industrialization module, and finally it is shipped to the construction site for assembly, so its production and construction process is basically the same as the PC component industrialized house. The difference is that in these 3D printed wall, board and other modules, there is no reinforcing steel, but the combination of cement and glass fiber is used to increase the tensile strength of the entire concrete structure, thereby realizing the construction of a 6-story residence with a reinforced concrete structure. .
At present, the domestic residential industrial PC structure system is divided into two categories, one is a fully assembled structure, and the other is a partially cast-in-place partially assembled structure. For example, Vanke developed and assembled an integrated residential structure system, which was actually imported from Japan. Its beams, columns and shear walls are all cast-in-place as a load-bearing structure; the floor slab is prefabricated floor slab plus cast-in-place laminated layer semi-prefabricated; only The external walls, stairs and balconies are fully prefabricated components. The fifth-generation integrated residence of Yuanda Residents is similar. Therefore, judging from the current domestic situation, most of them adopt semi-prefabricated structural systems. Only lofty sustainable buildings adopt fully assembled steel structures, all of which are bolted and can be built up to 6 floors a day. Various new prefabricated building structure systems are constantly emerging.
3D printing concrete buildings, as the most advanced technology at the forefront of residential industrialization, is to break through the semi-prefabricated structural system, adopt full assembly structure, and even full process 3D printing, in order to achieve the complete transformation of the construction industry from traditional construction to manufacturing. In addition to the basic part, the future will even include the use of 3D printing for all the foundations to achieve truly intelligent manufacturing and the use of virtual assembly technology. Virtual assembly is the use of computer simulation and virtual reality technology, simulation assembly on the computer through the simulation model, to achieve the product's process planning, processing and manufacturing and on-site assembly optimization program.
For the 3D printed building modules, the use of a ribless structure is on the one hand to facilitate printing, and on the other hand to achieve the advantages of 3D printed concrete modules that are light, thin and strong, using more varieties of concrete to print different functions, Structural building modules. Therefore, 3D printed concrete has a wider range of raw material sources and more varieties, and its mechanism of setting, hardening and strength will also break through the theoretical category of traditional concrete, and its durability and safety have yet to be studied and demonstrated.
With the continuous development of technology, even giant 3D printers will appear in the future to print the entire building on site. The main structure of the 3D printer is similar to the double gantry crane. The printer can be raised and lowered like a tower crane. A print head is set on each beam, and tens to dozens of print heads are arranged according to the size of the area. The vertical structure of the building can be printed directly layer by layer. The modular structural steel bar is hoisted on the site by crane to be welded and assembled. The print head can be used like a tool for ancient rammed earth wall to sandwich the steel mesh layer by layer Stack concrete on it. Once this giant printer appears, it will bring huge changes to the entire commercial concrete industry. At the same time, it is also a huge challenge for small and medium-sized commercial concrete enterprises. This concrete technology for 3D printing is more complicated and quality. The requirements are higher. 
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