25, poisoning:
Toxic substances enter the body and cause toxic effects. Unhealthy or pathological phenomena caused by damage to tissue cells or their functions are called poisoning. According to the length of time and the urgency of symptoms, it can be divided into acute, subacute and chronic poisoning.
Poisoning can lead to weakened or disordered performance and even life-threatening.
Emergency treatment for poisoning, especially acute poisoning, is very important. It must be timely and accurate. At the same time as initial processing, it should try to find out the cause of poisoning as soon as possible, immediately stop the exposure to poisons, prevent poisons from continuing to invade the human body, and expel or decompose it as soon as possible.
25-1. Pesticide poisoning:
In the application of pesticides, the use of organophosphorus pesticides is the most widely used and has the largest amount. Pesticide poisoning is also the most common organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. In the production, use, handling, transportation, and storage of pesticides, poisoning can be caused by invading the human body through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin, and mucous membranes if care is not taken. Misuse or suicide is also another cause of pesticide poisoning.
Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning - generally divided into light, moderate and severe, cholinesterase activity decreased to 50 to 70% of the normal value, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, blurred vision, weakness, chest tightness, miosis Equivalent persons are mildly poisoned. Moderate poisoning cholinesterase activity decreased to 30 to 50% of the normal value, but also muscle tremor, mild dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, salivation, pupil significantly reduced embolism. The cholinesterate activity decreased to less than 30% of the normal value, and severe dyspnea was seen with severe dyspnea, muscle flare, and miosis (such as needles, coma, and incontinence).
25-1-a, treatment methods:
In the event of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, immediate treatment should be provided. Immediately lift the patient to a ventilated, fresh air place, take off contaminated clothing, and repeatedly wash the skin with pesticides thoroughly with soapy water and clean water. The person who swallowed the clothes immediately stimulated the tongue pine to induce vomiting, and used a large amount of warm water or 2 to 5% sodium bicarbonate solution to urinate the stomach, but the trichlorfon poisoning prohibited the alkaline solution gastric lavage, phosphorothioate organic pesticides such as 1606, l059, 3911, dimethoate poisoning, can not use potassium permanganate solution gastric lavage. Obvious symptoms of poisoning should be sent to the hospital for treatment.
Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning After the above-mentioned emergency treatment, the application of atropine-type special antidotes is very important. According to the severity of the disease, atropine l~10 mg, every 10 minutes to 2 hours, there is a larger pupil, dry mouth and Dry skin, facial flushing, rapid heart rate, and disappearance of lung rales are signs of atropine. Timely application of chlordiazepine or pralidoxime. In the course of treatment, oxygen can be given, respiratory secretions can be quickly cleared, and respiratory stimulant drugs can be injected intramuscularly to maintain the balance of water and electrolytes. Convulsions can be hydrated by chloral enema. Identifying the species of poisoning pesticides is of great significance to first aid.
25-1b, Prevention:
Pesticide poisoning is completely preventable. The production uses pesticides to wear masks, gloves, and long trousers. No food or smoking is allowed during operation. Strictly control the use of pesticides. Farmland spraying should strictly implement the principle of downwind spraying, and apply pesticides according to the safe waiting period. It is strictly forbidden to mix pesticides and grain. Do not use empty bottled oil and wine. Disable pesticides to treat sores.
25-2. Lead poisoning:
Acute lead poisoning, due to continuous improvement of labor conditions, productive acute lead poisoning has no longer exist in our country. However, acute lead poisoning caused by misuse of lead-containing folk unilateral prescriptions, remedies and certain foods containing lead can still be seen.
Patients often have obvious gastrointestinal symptoms, hemolytic anemia, liver damage, jaundice, gingival teeth and teeth border dark blue lead line. Acidic lead poisoning is mainly caused by long-term inhalation of high concentrations of lead fumes. Patients often have no typical symptoms in the early stages. In the middle and late stages, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, sweet taste in the mouth, abdominal pain and constipation are often seen.
25-2-a, Prevention and Control of Lead Poisoning:
The prevention and control of lead poisoning should adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures. Regular monitoring of lead fumes or lead compounds in the air of lead workshops. For the early days. Found lead poisoning patients, workers engaged in lead operations. A health check should be performed every year. If the worker is found to have symptoms of neurasthenia and gastrointestinal symptoms, the laboratory tests for positive urinary brown pigment (an indicator reflecting the effect of lead on porphyrin metabolism in the body) and urinary lead exceed the normal limit (0.039 mmol/L). It should be diagnosed as mild lead poisoning. Calcium disodium decanoate can be used to drive lead. Mild lead poisoning is curable and does not have to worry about thinking.
25-2-b, prevention of lead poisoning:
To prevent chronic lead poisoning, first replace lead with non-toxic or low-toxic substances, such as idle iron red instead of lead dan to produce anti-rust paint. For products that must use lead as raw materials, the production process should be reformed to replace manual operations with automation, containment, and mechanization to reduce exposure. A reasonable exhaust hood is installed above the melting lead furnace to prevent lead smoke from escaping. In addition, we must strengthen personal protection, pay attention to personal hygiene, do not eat in the workshop, smoking, work clothes do not wear home, shower after work, etc., to prevent lead from contaminating the family environment, thus affecting the key health of children at home.
25-3, hydrogen sulfide poisoning:
Hydrogen sulphide is a colorless gas with a rotten egg-like odor. When the concentration is too high, odor is not easily detected due to paralysis of the olfactory nerves. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to distinguish the level of hydrogen sulfide concentration by smell. Hydrogen sulphide is a common waste gas in industrial production. When hydrogen sulfide is used as an acid, when hydrogen sulfide is used to make sulphur dyes or sulphur dyes are used, hydrogen sulfide gas can escape. In addition, H2S may be exposed to the treatment of corrupt fish, meat, poultry eggs, dredging of drains, removal of manure pits, and washing of pickle bowls.
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