Printing companies form a set of standardized production models, which not only saves time, but also contributes to the improvement of printing quality.
When it comes to standardization, some people will feel familiar and unfamiliar. Familiarity is because the current media always advertises enterprises with "standardization". People are already familiar with this; strangeness is because some people have only heard of standardization and have not been exposed to it, so the name is still unfathomable. In fact, standardization has always been around everyone. Red lights stop green lights, this is the most familiar standard, but also the standard that people must abide by.
The purpose of printing standardization
One is simplification. With the continuous complexity of human life, modern standardization may first consider the simplification process. For the printing industry, the establishment of model production in all aspects of printing production simplifies the complex workflow.
The second is to use standards as a means of communication. The first original task of the standard is to provide a means of communication between printing companies and customers. List the size and properties of the required sample. Enhance customer trust. So that they can trust the quality and reliability of printed materials that meet the standards. Also, current printing companies generally receive a unified job format, which speeds up the communication of information between each other.
The third is to protect the interests of consumers. Protecting the interests of consumers is undoubtedly one of the most important purposes of standardization. The quality of printed matter produced according to standards can be guaranteed. In order to meet the needs of consumers.
The role of printing standardization
1. The main functions of standards in the field of printing production and circulation. The main functions (main roles) of standards in the field of printing production and circulation can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to serve as the technical basis in the process of printed matter production. Printing enterprises should organize production according to the standards of printed matter to regulate and restrict all their production activities. The second is as a technical basis for delivery and acceptance. Customers need to check and accept the received prints. When the acceptance results are inconsistent with the corresponding standards, the supply and demand sides will negotiate to solve them.
In general, the technical basis for the production of printed materials mainly comes from the technical basis for delivery and acceptance: the technical basis for delivery and acceptance mainly comes from the customer's use requirements. If a printing company wants to be able to flexibly adapt to the increasingly fierce and rapidly changing market competition, they should use open national or international standards with good versatility and large coverage as the technical basis for delivery and acceptance, and the technical level Enterprise standards that are higher than open standards serve as the technical basis for organizing print production. So that they can better adapt to the needs of market competition.
2. The main role of printing standards in the production process. First, it is conducive to the technical connection and coordination of all aspects of printing production. Printing production needs to go through a series of complicated processes such as design, pre-press production processing, printing and post-press processing. Only the design meets the printing standards, and the pre-press processing meets the requirements of each parameter. Only in this way can the printing production be carried out in an orderly manner, and the printed products meeting the standard requirements can be printed. The second is to facilitate the quality control of printed matter. Standards are an important measure of print quality. Today's customers have higher and higher requirements on printing quality, especially packaging and printing, which have strict color requirements. The establishment of standards makes the basis for the rapid processing and copying of documents. Avoid chaos. During the printing process, the printing parameters are required, and the printing quality is guaranteed. The third is to help enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. The formulation of standards allows printing companies and customers to have a set of common language in the industry, which can enhance mutual communication. At the same time, it can communicate well with overseas customers. It is conducive to expanding overseas markets and enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises. Fourth, it is conducive to saving raw materials and improving production efficiency. The formulation of standards enables each process of printing production to have a set of parameters that meet the requirements and establish a model operation, which can reduce the error rate, shorten the debugging time of the printing press, save raw materials, so as to achieve control of production costs and improve product qualification purpose. With guidelines for printing workflow, it is easy to find the root cause of problems, improve the resolution efficiency, and improve production efficiency.
Printing standardization and improving quality
It is defined that the print quality is the comprehensive effect of various appearance characteristics of the printed matter. For example, the tone and color reproduction of the printed matter is faithful to the thick, uniform ink color of the original, the gloss is good, the text is not flowery, the definition is high, the precision of the overprint is good, there is no ghosting, through-printing, all kinds of bars, the back side is dirty and mechanical marks.
And someone pointed out. The aforementioned definition of print quality is not accurate enough. From the point of view of copy technology, print quality should be defined as the faithfulness of the original copy. "The author believes that this definition method is used for the research and evaluation of the printing copy process at various stages of print copy The quality has a certain practical significance.
Today's printing companies hope that printing will form a standardized production model, which will not only save time, but also contribute to the improvement of printing quality. The printing process from receiving the manuscript to the final publication and distribution, which has to go through the process of material collection, pre-press graphic processing, film output, hard copy, printing, post-press processing and binding. The realization of printing standardization and dataization is a favorable guarantee for printing quality.
1. Standardization of pre-press data exchange format.
The standard mainly stipulates the structure and technical requirements of different data formats for cross-application software and cross-platform transmission of graphic information in the printing and publishing industry. Currently such standards include TIFF / IT, PDFIX, JDF and other data exchange formats. The standardization of data exchange format makes communication between printing companies and between printing companies and customers unimpeded.
2. Standardization of film output. Film is the basis of printing. If the quality of the film is not good, it is difficult to guarantee the final print quality. At present, the film output of most printing plants has formed a standardized and data-based production mode, but in actual work, due to the influence of personnel quality, equipment stability, management system and other factors, some links have not really reflected the standardization. The meaning of data. For example, some printing plants produce a relatively large amount of film every day. When the developer solution is fresh, the film output is relatively normal. As the output of the film continues to increase, the concentration of the developer solution gradually decreases, and the development quality of the film With it. Due to the heavy work tasks, in order to ensure that the tasks are completed on time, the operator often does not deal with them. Or simply add a certain amount of developer to the developer tank. continue working. Some operators will even adopt ways to increase the development and fixing temperature to speed up the development. Complete production tasks on time.
The above-mentioned non-standardized film processing is the main reason for affecting the quality of film output. therefore. The printing plant should be based on its own actual situation. according to. Quality requirements determine the various parameters of the punching tablets. Generate a set of standardized data. In this way, the operator can mainly guarantee the quality of the film according to the standard data in production.
3. Standardization of imposition and printing. The standardization and dataization of imposition is relatively easy to achieve. Just draw the standard imposition coordinates. The imposition staff can construct according to the sample. However, in the actual production of the printing plate, it may affect the implementation of its standardization due to certain factors. For example, some printing houses have heavy printing tasks. In order to ensure the timeliness of the workshop. At the expense of quality. On the one hand, extend the exposure time. To achieve the purpose of removing dirt: on the other hand increase the concentration of the developer. Speed ​​up the development speed. To increase production speed. therefore. Small outlets are severely lost after printing. Affect the quality of graphic printing. the author thinks. The standardization and digitalization of the printing plate only need to determine the standard exposure time and developing time according to the printing plate quality control strip. The operator strictly produces according to the requirements under any working conditions. There is absolutely no problem.
At present, many printing plants have used the CTP system. Omitted the film output and printing process. but. The principle of standardization still exists. CTP plate-making also requires the printing plant to determine the exposure intensity, rotation speed, focal length and other parameters of the CTP plate-making standard and various development parameters of the plate-making machine according to the plate quality measurement and control strip, and then strictly follow the requirements. Ensure the quality of the printing plate.
4. The printing process is standardized. The control of the printing process is the most complicated link involving the most factors in the entire printing process. The performance and quality of the raw materials used. Overprint, printing pressure and printing environment will affect the standardization of printing process.
(I) Raw materials. Raw materials are the basis of printing production. during production. Photographic materials of the same manufacturer and model should be used as much as possible. PS version, paper, ink and other raw materials. To ensure the consistency of plate making and printing parameters. Provide data basis for color reproduction. For example, the national standard provides. The solid density values ​​of Y, M, C and K in newspaper printing are 0.60 ～ 0.80, 0.90 ～ 1.10, I. 0 ～ 1.20, 1.0 ～ I. 30. This is a broad standard. Because of the different raw materials used in newspaper printing plants, different printing densities result. But for the newspaper printing plant itself. It should be based on the nature of the film, PS version, paper, ink used by the factory to develop a set of stricter standards to control the printing quality. Once the raw materials are replaced. The original standard data should be reformulated. To ensure the same high-quality prints.
(2) Ink and ink balance. The principle of offset printing is water-ink balance. therefore. Controlling the water-ink balance is the basis of offset printing. Large amount of ink. Inevitable demand for more water. Otherwise it will paste: the ink volume is small. Inevitably requires less water. otherwise. The layout is gray. therefore. Mastering the proper amount of ink and water is the key to offset printing.
(3) Overprint. When evaluating print quality. The two most common standards we use are color and overprinting. Whether overprinting is accurate is the most direct reflection of the quality of printing. The general requirement for accurate overprinting is not limited to different colors on a printed product. Moreover, the front and back sides of the same printed matter should meet the corresponding standards between the printed sheets of the same batch of printed matter.
From the perspective of the work process, almost every link will become the root cause of inaccurate overprint, making overprint errors inevitable in the printing process. Therefore, a standard must be determined. Non-conforming products are beyond the standard range. Industry standard requirements. The tolerance of overprinting of fine prints in offset printing is ≤0.10mm: the tolerance of overprinting of general prints is ≤0.20mm. Newspaper printing is fast. The overprint error should be within 0.3row.
(4) Printing pressure. Appropriate printing pressure is the prerequisite for ensuring smooth printing. overstress. Outlet deformation: the pressure is too small. Outlets are false. The standardization of printing pressure is achieved by measuring the printing pressure in normal operation. Previous old-fashioned printing presses can measure pressure by pressing "fuses" and inserting "spacers". The current machine only needs to use a vernier caliper to measure the paper thickness. And enter the data into the computer. Can automatically adjust the pressure.
(5) Printing environment. Printing has relatively high requirements on ambient temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity are too high or too low. Will have a certain impact on the printability of paper and ink. and. There are many advanced equipments that have strict requirements on ambient temperature and humidity. The temperature of the printing workshop is generally controlled at 23 ± 5 ℃. It is more appropriate to control the relative humidity between 50% and 75%.
Only strictly control the printing production in the above aspects. Printing standardization can be achieved in actual production. Effectively improve the printing quality of printed products.
With the continuous development of international trade. Market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Standardization has increasingly attracted the attention of all walks of life. The relationship between printing standardization and quality is closely combined. Printing enterprises, under the guidance of standardization, can produce high-quality prints. In order to open up, consolidate and occupy the market on the basis of quality. Eventually win the biggest economic benefit.
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