| The continuous administration of Diamox from the 24 hours before the altitude rise can effectively reduce the occurrence of acute mountain sickness (AMS). (Diamox is a sulfa drug that is banned by allergies or G6PD deficiency and is toxic and must be prescribed by a physician) Because AMS is an early stage of high altitude brain edema (HACE), it should also reduce the incidence of HACE. Diamox will accelerate the discharge of carbon dioxide, which is the most important part of the highly adaptive, so it is speculated that high altitude pulmonary edema can also be reduced ( Opportunities for the occurrence of HAPE). Diamox is used for "prevention". Alpine disease is conceivable. However, it is not too optimistic to treat mountain sickness that has already occurred. It can be used in AMS, but it is necessary to stop elevation. , And it should be noted that if there is deterioration, it is necessary to immediately drop the altitude or use oxygen. In HACE, HAPE is usually invalid. Learning more about the role of Diamox in the body can help to understand its efficacy. But the mechanism involved in basic medicine and high school chemistry is not a concept shared by all mountain friends, so I want to start with the chemical balance in high school. Use shallow texts to introduce these preliminary knowledge. [1] Chemical Reaction and Chemical Balance 1. A substance may consist of a single element or multiple elements. 2. The basic unit of the composition of an element is the atom, which consists of the nucleus and the electrons in its periphery. 3. The nucleus carries a fixed number of positive charges and does not change during chemical reactions. 4. The electrons are negatively charged, and they are located on similar orbital "energy levels" around the nucleus, meaning that they represent different energy locations. 5. The movement of electrons between different energy levels must obtain or release specific energy. 6. Two atoms can share one or several electrons and combine the two atoms. To separate them, energy must be applied. 7. Chemical or chemical reactions are: The steps that combine or disassociate two atoms (the same or different elements) or let electrons exit or enter an atom. These involve the input or release of energy. Often, a chemical Change is the result of a succession of different chemical changes. 8. Many chemical changes are reversible, that is, the bonding or separation of atoms can return to the unreacted state. For example, carbon dioxide CO2 can be combined with water H2O to form H2CO3; H2CO3 can also be decomposed into CO2 and H2O. 9. In this type of reversible reaction, two opposite reactions are performed at the same time. For example, while there is CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3, and H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O, if the reaction rate in the two opposite directions reaches The same makes the concentration of each substance stable and unchanged, it is said to achieve chemical equilibrium. 10. Some chemical reactions are not easy to achieve chemical equilibrium, substances that promote the acceleration of chemical equilibrium are called catalysts. 11. Many of the living body's catalysts are proteins. Catalysts that are themselves proteins are called quinones, or enzymes. 12. If the temperature does not change, the concentration of each substance will meet a fixed mathematical relationship when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium. Former example: [H2CO3]/[CO2]=fixed value. [] represents the pressure of the concentration or gas, / represents division. 13. If the balance of some substances is changed during the balanced reaction, the balance will be destroyed, and the rate of the two-way reaction will become unequal. It will take a while before reaching a new equilibrium. The new equilibrium will still abide by the same mathematical relationship. Former example: If CO2 is always supplied from the outside to the original equilibrium environment, increase [CO2] and make [H2CO3]/[CO2] Lower than the fixed value of the original equilibrium, the reaction of CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 in this direction is promoted, as [H2CO3] increases and [CO2] decreases, and [H2CO3]/[CO2] rebounds to equilibrium. value. On the contrary, if CO2 has been removed, promote the direction of H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O. 14. Catalysts only reduce the time needed to reach equilibrium and do not determine the direction of chemical reactions. è„¢ is a class of catalysts, and of course it is. 15. How the catalyst is reduced in time is described as follows: 1. A chemical reaction is often divided into a series of small steps of chemical change. Each step requires the input or release of energy. Often there are one or more steps in the middle that require a lot of energy to make it difficult to cross the threshold. The catalyst will change the intermediate steps so that the overall reaction will have the same final result but will go through different intermediate steps. An analogy: From Taipei to Ilan, you can take the North Yi Road to cross the ridgeline, and you can also cross the tunnel. Naturally, the tunnel will run faster. After the tunnel It is conducive to Taipei to Ilan, but also to Ilan to Taipei. 16. Former example: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 is an important reaction in most biological cells and requires a catalyst to quickly reach equilibrium. This catalyst is called "carbonated decanter." Carbonated deuterium is present in all animals, all with chlorophyll The plants, as well as some plants without chlorophyll, are not hard to imagine because these organisms breathe oxygen, produce carbon dioxide, or photosynthesis, and make carbon dioxide and water into glucose. 17. "Dehydrated Carbon Dioxide" does not promote the dehydration from carbonic acid to carbon dioxide in the same way as the name suggests. It also promotes the opposite direction: Combining carbon dioxide with water into carbonic acid. The reason is as described above. 18. "Diamox" (constituent acetazolamide) is a drug that inhibits "carbonate dehydration". |
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