4. Any new plastic packaging material and non-plastic packaging material replacing the currently used packaging materials must pass environmental protection research to prevent attention to only the end of the pollution, to prevent the replacement of another pollution form or place with a pollution form or place.
Second, the environmental protection of packaging design Environmental protection design of packaging should fully consider the packaging of the entire life cycle process of resources, energy and ecological environment. Packaging materials have different functions according to their uses and require different functions. In order to satisfy different functions at the same time, the composite of several different materials is often used, and multiple material combinations undoubtedly cause difficulty in recycling. Therefore, it is required to consider the balance and unity of functional and environmental adaptability in the design. The environmental protection design of packaging materials should consider reducing the environmental load of the material life cycle, mainly including the following requirements:
1, consider harmful. Need to consider the harmfulness of water and oil soluble substances, such as foam polystyrene bowl containers, polycarbonate food containers, polycarbonate milk bottles are included in the environmental hormone suspect package; PVC food packaging bag free monomer chlorine Whether ethylene is lower than the standard requirement (below 0.5μg/g); whether the used auxiliary materials contain toxic and hazardous metals such as copper, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, etc.; whether the packaging materials are recycled and treated for the emission of harmful substances.
2, save resources. Packaging should consider the following requirements when designing:
(1) Package design should avoid over-stacking and excessive packaging.
(2) Recycled packaging requires long-life materials.
(3) In the ease of use, the weight ratio of the contents to the packaging material is maximized.
(4) Try to use low-density packaging materials.
(5) Use high-performance materials to reduce material consumption.
3, save resources. Try to choose materials with low total energy consumption in the material life cycle. Considering the balance between environmental load and volume and strength of packaging materials, most materials are based on the environmental weight per unit weight. The characteristics of packaging materials are to consider the environmental load factors of unit volume and unit rigidity (requirements of structural materials). Therefore, a large container can be selected as a light-weight polyester bottle, and a container that is small and requires strength can be selected from steel. Because of its low strength, the paper is unsuited to cooperating with a large container. Glass and aluminum have high energy consumption, but they can be recycled. Whether or not they are suitable depends on the recovery rate and recycling efficiency.
4. Recycling of packaging waste. Environmental design of packaging should consider the recycling of packaging waste, including the following aspects:
(1) Packing materials should be selected to suit the existing recycling and recycling systems, or materials that may be established in the future for recycling and recycling systems, which can increase the recovery rate and reduce the recycling costs. Try to use materials that are currently mature in recycling technology. The use of easily identifiable materials or materials with identification marks facilitates separate recycling.
(2) Adopt a volume-reducing design, which can be folded after use, easy to apply pressure, easy to separate composite packaging materials, shape design suitable for transport volume reduction.
(3) Transparent or brown glass is used for the glass container. Try not to use stained glass.
(4) Plastic packaging should be made of plastic materials that can be degraded and compostable after use.
(5) Use packaging materials and designs that can be reused after simple handling (such as washing) as much as possible.
(6) Try to use reusable packaging containers.
(7) Try to choose materials that are not subject to secondary pollution during incineration or degradation, composting, and landfill disposal of packaging waste.
(8) Try to use recycled materials or waste materials as packaging materials.
(9) In the case of meeting functional requirements, try to choose a single material packaging design.
Third, recycling of packaging materials Glass, metal and paper packaging products can be returned to the raw materials and reused. Wastes that cannot be recycled in plastic packaging are mostly composite packaging wastes that can be burned or landfilled. In recent years, due to advances in small-scale thermal decomposition gasifiers, combustion furnaces, and small-scale power generation equipment, there has been an increase in the use of waste combustion to recover heat energy.
The recycling of packaging waste mainly includes the following aspects:
1, the recovery of glass containers. A large number of beer bottles, bottles, coke bottles and beverage bottles are used, followed by various medicine bottles. The recycling of beer bottles is an example of the successful recycling of waste. There are mainly reasonable recycling mechanisms, and consumers have formed a good sense. Medicinal bottles are usually mixed into municipal waste. Shaped bottles and less productive glass containers have low recoveries. Glass bottles that cannot be reused can be used as glass materials instead of silica sand, limestone, and soda ash. Its advantages are as follows:
(1) Save energy. A 10% increase in the amount of waste glass used in glass production can save about 3% of energy.
(2) Save raw materials and reduce pollution. Each use of 1 ton of waste glass can save 1.2 tons of raw materials. According to calculations, the energy consumption of 100kg of oil from raw material extraction, processing, packaging and transportation can be saved. In addition, the exhaust gas and dust emissions of the melting furnace can also be reduced. (To be continued)