The brush originated around 1600-1066 BC. The raw materials of modern brush are mainly animal hair and bamboo tube. In the stationery factory, the production of the writing brush has to go through 72 processes. For example, selecting hair is very troublesome. The hair of a goat can be divided into 19 grades, and only 5 can be used to make a pen. Workers should pick one by one from thousands of wool, rabbit fur, and wolf hair (the weasel hair), and then combine them. It can be seen how difficult it is to produce a brush.
There are many varieties of writing brushes. In terms of raw materials and characteristics, it can be divided into three categories: soft, hard, and three. Soft raw materials are the hair of goats and wild yellow sheep, collectively called sheep, and the words are soft and round. The hard raw material is the hair and mountain rabbit hair on the tail of the weasel - purple, wolf, they are strong, and the words written are sharp and strong. The ho is a combination of soft and hard hairs. For beginners to write, most of them use a brush of the same type.
The brush has a size difference. The smallest one is called the pen, then the little one, the middle, the big one... The biggest pen has a few tens of pounds, the pen is thicker than the bowl, and the person who writes seems to sweep the road with a broom. So, how come the kind of writing brush is so complicated?
The writing pen in our country originated very early. Judging from the oracle bones that have not been carved, the original pen has already been in the Xia and Shang dynasties. If you look at the pattern from the pottery of the Neolithic period, the pen can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago. By the Spring and Autumn Period, countries have produced and used writing pens. At that time, the names of the pens were numerous: Wu Guo called "no law", Yan Guo called "Eph", Chu State called "fortunate", Qin Guo called "pen". After Qin Shihuang unified the country, the "pen" became a name, and it has been used ever since. Legend has it that the brush we used now was invented by the Qin State General of the Warring States Period.
In 223 BC, General Qin Guomin led the troops and horses to fight the Chu State in the Zhongshan region. The two sides played very fiercely and the war dragged on for a long time. In order to let Qin Wang know the situation on the battlefield in time, Meng Yu should regularly write a report on the situation to deliver Qin Wang. At that time, people usually used ink to distribute ink on the silk cloth, and then wrote on the silk cloth. The writing speed was very slow. Although Meng Huo is a military commander, he has a full-fledged literary talent. Writing a war report with the kind of pen mentioned above often makes him feel influenced. The kind of pen is hard, the ink is less, and you can't write a few words and you have to stop and squat. The ink is much more, and it will drop down, and it will stain the very expensive cockroaches. Before the obscurity, I had the idea of ​​reforming the pen. This time I have to write a lot of reports on the situation, this desire is getting stronger and stronger.
In the gap between the wars, Meng Yu likes to go hunting in the wild. One day, he hit a few wild rabbits back to the barracks. Because of the number of rabbits hit, the squatting in the hands, a rabbit's tail hugged on the ground, blood and water on the ground dragged the winding traces. When I saw it, I couldn’t help but move my heart: "If it is better to use a rabbit tail instead of an ordinary pen to write, isn’t it better?"
After returning to the barracks, Meng Yu immediately cut a rabbit tail and inserted it on a bamboo tube. He tried to use it to write, but the rabbit fur was light, not sucking ink, and the words written on the skull were intermittent. Not like it. The monk tried again a few times, or not, and the good end of the piece was also wasted. In an angry manner, he threw the "rabbit brush" into the crater in front of the door.
Meng Yu is not willing to fail, still taking time to ponder other ways to improve. A few days later, he still did not find a suitable solution. On this day, he walked out of the barracks and wanted to see through the fresh air. As he walked through the crater, he saw the "rabbit brush" that was thrown away by himself. Meng Meng picked it up, pinched the rabbit hair with his fingers, and found that the rabbit hair was wet and the hair color became whiter and softer. Enlightened by the envy, he immediately ran back to the barracks and took it to the ink. The rabbit tail became very "obedient" at this time, sucking the ink, writing the words very smoothly, and the fonts seemed rounded. It turns out that the water in the mountain sump contains lime, and the rabbit hair becomes soft after being soaked in alkaline water. Since this pen is composed of bamboo tube and rabbit hair, Meng Yu added a "bamboo" prefix to the popular pen name "Xing", which was called "stupid" (shine writing "pen" today).
The original brush was used to paint the strokes of Oracle, but the real writing with a brush may begin with the writing of the text on Jane and Koi.
The classification of the brush-varietal classification brush mainly depends on the size, the type of the hair, the source, the shape, and the like. According to the size, the brush can be easily divided into: small 楷, middle 楷, big 楷. According to the type of pen hair, it can be divided into: soft, hard, and equal. According to the source can be divided into: fetal brush, wolf brush, rabbit shoulder purple pen, deer brush, chicken brush, duck pen, wool pen, pig brush, rat brush, tiger brush, yellow cattle ear pen and so on.
(1) Sheep class. The writing head is made of mountain wool. The sheep's pen is softer and has a large amount of ink. It is suitable for writing round and thick paintings. More durable than the wolf. Such pens are mostly lake pens and the price is relatively cheap. Commonly used are big 楷 pen, Jingti (or called pen), Lianfeng, Pingfeng, top, cover front, banners, jade shoots, magnolia, Gyeonggi and so on.
(2) The wolf is pen. The tip is made from the hair on the tail of the weasel. The rat tail produced in the northeast is the most, and it is called "North Wolf" and "Guandong Liaowei". The wolf is worse than the sheep, and it should be painted, but it is not as durable as the sheep, and the price is more expensive than the sheep. Common varieties include orchid, freehand, landscape, flowers, leaf ribs, clothing, red beans, small Seiko, deer wolf paintings (made of deer in the wolf), leopard wolf (made of leopard wool) The special long peak wolf is super, and the super long tail is waiting.
(3) Purple. The pen head is made of rabbit hair and is named after the purple and black color. This kind of pen is sharp and sharp, and its elasticity is stronger than that of the wolf. The hare hair produced in Anhui is the best.
(4) Both. The writing head is made of two kinds of animal hairs that are different in softness and softness. Common species are sheep and wolf, and sheep and purple, such as five purple five sheep, seven purple three sheep and so on. The advantages of this kind of pen combine the strengths of the sheep wolf, the softness is moderate, the price is moderate, and it is commonly used by book painters. The types are blended and heart-shaped.
According to the shape can be divided into: Yuanhao, Jianhao and so on.
In addition, according to the length of the pen, the brush has a long front, a center, and a short front, and the performance varies. The long front is easy to draw a graceful line, the short front is easy to make the line dignified and thick, the center is both, and the landscape is suitable for the center. According to the size of the pen, the brush is divided into small, medium and large models. All kinds of painting landscapes must be prepared. Generally, "Small Water" (Little Wolf) and "Large Mountain Water" (big wolf) are prepared separately. "Little Baiyun" and "Big White Cloud" are prepared separately. The bigger sheep can do it. The new pen is sharp and sharp, and it is only suitable for drawing thin lines. It is good to use the old pen. Some painters like to use bald pens, and the dots are not as interesting as they are. A good brush has the characteristics of round, Qi, sharp and healthy, and it works freely. Rinse the brush in time to avoid damage to the ink dry knot.
The raw materials for making a pen holder are: gold, silver, ivory, glass, rosewood, and bamboo brush-painter
* Wen Zhenheng: "Point", "Qi", "Circle", "Jian", the four virtues of the pen.
* Zhang Daqian. Zhang Daqian said that a kind of watercolor pen from the United Kingdom is very expensive. It is made of fine hair in the ear of a yellow cattle in the United Kingdom. Only 2,500 oxen have a pound of yellow cattle. The brush made from the ear of the ear is full of water and elasticity.
* Pan Tianshou: The sheep is round and gentle, with a strong water content, and the pen is out of the water. It uses dry ink and wet ink, and has its special features.
In China, there are two major centers in the history: Xuan Pen (Anhui Xuancheng) and Lake Pen (Zhejiang Huzhou). Brushes produced in Shanghai, Suzhou, Beijing, Chengdu and other places are also well-known. At present, the most famous place for producing brush is in Huzhou, Shanzhen Town, Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province, which is called Lake Pen.
The pen has "four virtues", that is, "point, Qi, round, and health", which are introduced one by one:
Tip: When the pen is gathered, the end should be sharp. The nib is easy to write and easy to express. Writers often refer to their pens as "bald pens," but when they are not pointed, they become bald pens.
When buying a new pen, the vellus has a glue polymerization that is easy to distinguish. When checking the old pen, first wet the pen and gather the hair to distinguish the baldness.
Qi: After the pen tip is opened and flattened, the tip is flush. If it is even if it is flat, the length will be equal, and there will be no gaps in the middle. Because the pen needs to be completely opened, it is impossible to check this when purchasing.
Round: It means that the pen is perfectly filled with the shape of the jujube, which means that the hair is full. If the hair is full, the pen is full when writing, otherwise the body is thin and lacks pen power. The pen is perfect, and the pen is able to turn around.
When you buy, there is glue in the hair, it is not complete, you can see it carefully.
Health: that is, the waist elastic; lift the pen and press it, then return to the original state. If the pen is elastic, it can be used freely; in general, the rabbit is not as strong as the sheep, and the book is also strong and strong.
In this regard, after the opening, the pen will be pressed again and the front will be healthy.
Brush-Selection of Hair is a kind of light and small object, but its cultural knowledge is not small, which is mainly reflected in the use of hair and the craftsmanship. The main raw materials for making a brush head are usually divided into wolf, sheep, purple, stone, chicken, pig, horse, cow, cow, etc. The quality of the same kind of hair is almost the same, but Which animal hair varies greatly depending on the origin, variety, location, male and female, age and season of growth, food consumed, climate, soil and water and healthy development. For example, wool: China's white mountain wool has a lot of production areas. The quality of the mountain wool produced in different parts of the country, the thickness of the hair rod, the length of the peaks and the like are different. The climate of the Yangtze River Delta is humid and the water is rich. The white goats raised here are made of white wool, which is white and jade-like. The thickness of the hair shaft is well-proportioned. The sharp and delicate hair is transparent and has been promoted as a good brush. In particular, the white goats produced in Huzhou, Yixing, Wuxi, Suzhou and other areas along the Taihu Lake are superior in quality, which is the world-famous “lake penâ€. The season of collecting wool is the best after the beginning of winter. The lower the winter temperature, the better the quality of the harvested wool. The lambs that were produced in the spring of the year, and the goats that developed well during the harvesting season, had the best hair quality on sheep weighing 15 kg.
High-quality "light front" hair can be harvested from male goats that have not been castrated and mated, and the males that have been castrated and mated have worse hair quality. These "light front" hairs are thick, straight, smooth, and long-haired, with a transparent jade white. From the female goats, high-quality "spike" hair can be obtained, the hair shaft is fine, the front is slender and tender, and the elasticity is better than that of the "spike" hair collected by the male goat. The hair collected on the same goat is of different quality and can be divided into several varieties. For example, the hair on the neck of the male goat and the front of the back is called the "light front", and the hair on the back of the ridge is called the "slim front". The hair is called "positive foot claw front", "deputy foot claw front" and so on. The quality of the hair on the same group of goats is also very different. It is not that all the rams can pick high-quality light front hair. All the ewes can pick up sharp hair or some kind of sheep. Certain parts must have a standard hair, and the quality of the wool varies greatly depending on the breed, food, climate, soil and water and healthy developmental factors of the goat. Each type of wool is divided into several grades according to its quality, namely, special grades (light front), A, B, C (1, 2, 3) and Ding (etc.). The price gap between these grades is very large. The price ranges from twenty to thirty yuan to several thousand yuan. The above-mentioned Ding-class (equivalent grade) wool is a bald hair without a front. It is not suitable for making a felt head. It is a good raw material for making felt, but it is also useful for the production of a brush for sale on the outside. consumer.
The wolf is made of the weasel tail hair. The weasel is the same as the goat. It is affected by the climate, food and other factors. Therefore, the quality of the weevil tail hair varies greatly from place to place, and the names are not the same. The weevil tails produced in the three northeastern provinces are commonly known as “Northeast Yuanweiâ€, also known as “Northern End†and “Winter Tailâ€; the wolftails produced in Shanhaiguan, Zhangjiakou and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are commonly known as “Jingdongweiâ€; Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, The real estates of Henan, Gansu, Ningxia, Anhui, and northern Jiangsu are commonly known as “Hinterland End†and “Jiangbeiweiâ€; the weasel tails produced in the south of the Yangtze River are commonly known as “Jiangnanwei†and “Jiangnanweiâ€. These wolf tails have the best quality at the northeastern tail, and the hair is long and expensive. Jingdong tail, the hinterland tail. The south of the Yangtze River is separated from the Jiangbei River by a river. However, the tail hair of the weasel produced by Jiangnan is several times different from that of Jiangbei. The tail hair of Jiangnan is short and the hair rod is curved, the quality is very poor, and the price is low. The quality of the weasel tail hair of Yun, Gui, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other real estates is even worse. It is not suitable for wolf writing, but there are such wolves in the market.
The male weevil tail hair of the same origin and hunting season is thicker and longer than the female weasel tail hair. The tail hair density is large, the hair shaft is thick and straight, the thickness is well-proportioned, the front is slender, the hand feels smooth, and the rigidity is strong. Usually it is chosen as a wolf. The pen tail; the female tail is shorter than the male tail, the hair is sparse, the hair rod is thin and soft, the front is fine and delicate, the stalk is attached, the hand feels smooth and soft, and the touch has a soft satin feeling. The color is lighter than the male tail, which is usually chosen as a wolf. Hairy.
The length of the hair on the tail of the same weasel is also different. The tail is the shortest part, the middle part of the tail is a long section, and the front is also good. The hair is straight and straight, and the strength is strong. It is the best material for the wolf. Although the hair at the tip of the tail is long, it has no sharp edges and is bald. It is strictly inappropriate to make a brush. It can be seen that no matter what kind of animal hair must be carefully classified, only the graded, finely crafted brush can be a fine.
Lace Babydoll,Bodysuit Lingerie,Jumpsuits And Rompers,Sexy Lingerie Babydoll Sleepwear,Yoga Sports Bodycon Rompers Jumpsuit
Hun Yuan Ya Lian Wan Jia Dian Zi Shang Wu You Xian Ze Ren Gong Si , https://www.ylwjastragalus.com