Source: China Economic Times
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently held a national on-site meeting on the classification of urban domestic waste in Shanghai. While fully affirming the positive results of the classification of domestic waste, the meeting made it clear that there are still some difficulties and challenges in the current work. The ideological understanding still needs to be improved, the promotion needs to be strengthened, and the publicity and education needs to continue to deepen and refuse. The shortcomings of classified collection and handling facilities still exist, and work progress in some places is still not obvious, and the people’s sense of access to waste classification is not strong enough.
The introduction of garbage classification has been around for a long time, and all parties have actively promoted it. It has indeed achieved good results so far, but it is undeniable that there is still a gap between the classification of waste and the real classification target and resource recycling requirements. To this end, the meeting clarified the three-stage goal of 2019-2025 and proposed a series of specific work.
Experts believe that in the process of promoting waste sorting and resource recycling, in addition to vigorously promoting the policy-intensive layout of waste sorting and forming a policy paving trend, it is necessary to further refine the classification of the source, rationalize the transportation, and handle the scientific and technological treatment. The goal is to continuously promote marketization and industrialization. At the same time, all walks of life need to develop more patience to cultivate a generation of garbage classification habits. As pointed out at the meeting, “actually start from the dolls, strengthen the garbage classification and publicity education, and promote the generation. People develop good civilized habits."
Refine the task to substantially advance waste sorting
The garbage classification has been called for many years, but the reason why the policy is still densely distributed today, the essential problem behind it is that the effect of garbage classification is not satisfactory. As early as June 2000, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guilin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen were identified as eight pilot cities for waste collection and collection in China. After more than ten years of policy promotion and piloting, waste sorting has been little known to the public, but even so, the waste sorting is mostly at the conceptual level, and it is difficult to make substantial progress.
At the end of March 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the “Implementation Plan for the Domestic Waste Classification System†(hereinafter referred to as the “Programâ€), which requires the mandatory classification of domestic waste in 46 cities across the country. Obviously, this is already a blow to the rush of garbage classification. The "Proposal" pointed out that following the principles of reduction, recycling and harmlessness, the implementation of domestic waste classification can effectively improve the urban and rural environment, promote the recycling of resources, accelerate the construction of "two-oriented society", and improve the quality and ecology of new urbanization. The level of civilization construction.
The Third Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress held in June 2018 reviewed the "Report of the State Council on the Law Enforcement Inspection Report and Review Opinions on the Study and Treatment of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control of Solid Wastes". The meeting clearly stated: "Efforts to promote domestic waste Sorting and processing, accelerating the formation of green development methods and lifestyles, and fundamentally solving the problem of prominent ecological environment such as garbage siege and surrounding villages.†During the deliberation process, members of the Standing Committee generally believed that the actual effect of classification of domestic garbage in many places was not ideal. Some of them are even ineffective. It is necessary to increase the propaganda, formulate incentive policies, implement classified transportation and classified disposal, so that the classification of domestic waste can be truly effective.
In fact, the substantive work of garbage sorting is progressing step by step. On June 29, 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development introduced the progress of the classification of municipal solid waste at the regular press conference in the second quarter. It also emphasized that the draft law on the classification of domestic waste would be formed as soon as possible, and the coverage of waste separation was planned to be 46. Key cities are expanded to all 294 prefecture-level cities.
The meeting reaffirmed that starting from 2019, cities at the prefecture level and above should fully start the classification of domestic waste. By the end of 2020, 46 key cities should basically complete the garbage sorting and treatment system; before the end of 2025, the national level and above cities should basically complete the garbage sorting and processing system. The 46 key cities should carry forward the spirit of nailing, and earnestly grasp the work of garbage sorting and grasp the results.
On the specific task breakdown, the meeting proposed: First, the local party committee and government should attach great importance to it, the main leaders personally grasp it, take the party building work as the guide, systematically plan and coordinate the promotion of garbage sorting work; second, we must effectively start from the doll and strengthen Garbage classification publicity and education, to promote a generation of good civilized habits, enhance public awareness, enhance the quality of civilization; Third, we must promote the community as a focus, all localities should learn from Shanghai, Xiamen and other cities combined with garbage classification to carry out "good environment and happiness" The experience of living together to create activities, focusing on urban communities, giving full play to the role of residents, mobilizing all parties to build a common governance and sharing; Fourth, we must create a good atmosphere for the participation of the whole society, continue to increase the promotion of waste classification, and gather social consensus. We will mobilize the whole society to participate in the work, so that “garbage classification, starting from me†will become the residents’ self-consciousness; fifthly, it is necessary to intensify supervision and guidance, and all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government should supervise and guide cities in the jurisdiction to combine local actual innovative working methods and improve Institutional mechanisms to promote tangible work in waste sorting .
Habit to develop, let classification and utilization have targeted
It is not difficult to find that in the five sub-tasks that are clear in the meeting, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibility and propaganda of the main body and cultivate good habits. It is obvious that the importance of habit cultivation is important for garbage classification. Li Yujun, director of the Environmental Economics and Management Research Office of the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the China Economic Times reporter on waste sorting that the government's policy on waste sorting should be consistent with the living habits of the people. Otherwise, This will result in a policy that cannot be implemented.
In Li Yujun's view, garbage classification and resource utilization are just like the two sides of a coin. The two complement each other and are indispensable. For this reason, the goal of China's waste classification cannot be circumvented. In fact, the utilization of garbage resources is in line with the daily habits of Chinese residents. “Our research shows that over 90% of residents will collect recycled materials such as newspapers, cardboard, cans and plastic bottles separately before they are thrown into garbage.†Li Yujun believes that unlike the Western countries, the history of Chinese residents has formed. The concept of “collecting waste†can solve the problem of resource reuse.
In fact, including government decision-makers, academics and market participants, we believe that waste sorting should seek more solutions from the perspective of marketization. In the process of garbage generation, sorting and transportation, it involves not only manufacturers but also consumption. The environmental and environmental sanitation departments also need to involve the participation of multiple market entities such as logistics to jointly create a unified industrial chain for waste sorting and resource utilization.
Even so, it needs to be reminded that for the classification of waste, whether it is for the full compulsory of enterprises and public institutions, or for the guiding behavior of the people, or the “compulsory classification of household garbage†intended to be piloted, it is difficult to be in a short time. It has been fully implemented and implemented. The consensus that both the government and the public should form is that garbage classification is a long-term and gradual process.
For this reason, the meeting raised the need for "a generation to develop good civilized habits." “This is a long-term and gradual process.†Li Yujun combined with his years of experience in countries and regions with advanced waste treatment experience in Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Taiwan, said that the classification of waste is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. To influence the people, after the garbage classification and publicity education, it is only a start to step forward to the pilot area and then follow up the country. In the future, relying on the paving of policies, China's waste sorting treatment must continue to promote the marketization and industrialization of the classification of the source classification, the rationalization of transportation and the scientific and technological goals of the treatment. At the same time, it is necessary to continuously classify the people. Advocacy and guidance can make this process as short as possible.
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