CLIP: Continuous Liquid Manufacturing Technology
Continuous liquid boundary manufacturing technology, namely CLIP technology (Continuous Liquid Interface Production), Professor of Chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Joseph M. DeSimone, CEO of Carbon3D, and his colleague and chief technology officer of Carbon3D Alex Ermoshkin and Edward T. Samulski, a professor of chemistry at the University of North Carolina, co-invented. Based on this technology, they obtained a 255 million venture capital and established Carbon.
In order to help everyone better understand the principle of CLIP technology, let us first talk about what is the oxygen inhibition effect of acrylate. As we mentioned before, photosensitive resins are divided into two major categories: acrylate and epoxy. Under illumination, acrylate resins are susceptible to oxygen, causing curing failure. The epoxy resin-based photosensitive resin has no oxygen inhibition effect and is not affected by oxygen. We have seen that many desktop SLA printers have a light source located below the resin tank, and each time a layer is cured, the print platform moves up. This is because the cured layer has no oxygen intervening and the SAL article printed with acrylate has a higher success rate.
CLIP technology is based on traditional desktop-grade SLA technology and utilizes the oxygen-blocking effect of acrylates: a transparent, breathable Teflon film is used as the bottom of the resin tank for light and oxygen to pass through. Oxygen entering the resin bath suppresses the curing of a portion of the resin closest to the bottom due to the oxygen inhibition effect, forming a "dead zone" of several tens of micrometers thick. At the same time, the ultraviolet light will cure the photosensitive resin above the dead zone. That is to say, the cured printed product does not stick to the bottom of the resin tank like the conventional SLA printer, so there is no need to slowly peel off when printing, so that continuous printing can be achieved, achieving a printing speed 10 to 100 times faster than ordinary light curing. .
Schematic diagram of CLIP working principle
CLIP technology takes advantage of the oxygen-blocking effect that people often want to avoid, resulting in breakthrough print speeds. However, this also limits the use of acrylate-based photosensitive resins, and does not take advantage of epoxy-based photosensitive resins. At the same time, CLIP continuous printing has no blade coating step, which requires the photosensitive resin to have low viscosity and good fluidity, so higher requirements are imposed on the photosensitive resin used in CLIP technology.
The traditional SLA technology uses a layer-by-layer curing and layer-by-layer method to construct a three-dimensional object. The layer and the layer need to be interrupted by light irradiation, and then the photosensitive resin is recovered on the surface of the cured region, and then light is irradiated to form a new solidified layer. This approach is relatively time consuming. The two most important advantages of CLIP technology, one is the printing speed mentioned earlier, 10 times to 100 times faster than the traditional 3D printer ; the other is the layered theory can be infinitely delicate: traditional 3D printing needs to cut the 3D model In many layers, this determines that the roughness cannot be eliminated, while the continuous liquid level production mode can continuously change the light image projected at the bottom, which is more similar in process to the cast part. As shown in the figure below, the traditional 3D printed object on the right side has poor shear resistance due to the layered structure; while the surface of the object manufactured by CLIP technology is fine, there are many concerns in practical applications.
Microscope CLIP technology (left) vs. traditional SLA 3D printing (right)
According to Prof. DeSimone, the inventor of CLIP technology, the products manufactured by CLIP technology have more powerful mechanical properties. This technology is the first to realize an elastic body with high elasticity or high damping coefficient, which can be used for vibration control experiments or high production. Flexible sneakers.
CLIP technology opens up new areas of innovation, and more promising is personalized medicine, such as customized heart stents for patients, coronary stents, traditional hours or even days of manufacturing time, CLIP technology only takes ten minutes to complete Print the task. In addition to health care and medical care, it also includes other major industries, including automotive and aviation.
We understand that the Desimeni CLIP Technology Laboratory in the United States is currently developing elastomers, silicones, nylon-like materials, ceramics and biodegradable materials. At the end of 2016, there have been companies and research institutes in the country that have developed this technology. In March 2017, commercial CLIP printers have been unveiled in China.
What is the true meaning of the invention of CLIP technology? As we all know, the nanofabrication technology in the world today is very sophisticated. Moore's Law has allowed us to make objects of 10 microns or less, but it is very difficult for humans to make objects in the medium-scale range of 10 to 1000 microns. When our 3D printing technology is very precise, it can achieve amazing results. The technological breakthrough of 3D printing will bring new revolutionary products such as new sensing technology, new drug transmission technology and chip technology to human beings like dominoes. In the future, I will slowly spread these new technologies for everyone.
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