The process of plant perception of microorganisms involves highly conserved molecular tags, which are generally considered to be microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptors FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) and EF-Tu receptor (EFR) are examples of genetic research that regulate the defense response of plants to bacterial pathogens. These receptors are stimulated by homologous ligands, bacterial flagellin, or the bacterial elongation factor Tu, leading to a defense response and ultimately resistance. However, little is known about the early signal transduction of these receptors. In 2010, German scientists used non-invasive micro-testing techniques to study in-situ signal transduction processes in plant-sense pathogens. It was found that Col-0 Arabidopsis mesophyll cells and root hair negatively regulate the release of voltage molecules and ions. The depolarization of membrane potential is dose-dependent on flg22 or elf18, and the cascade amplification process of signal transduction passes through two receptors This process is initiated by working together on the same plasma membrane ion channel. Depolarization is formed by the superposition of intracellular Ca2 +, which is an indispensable process for depolarization. The NADPH oxidase mutant remains depolarized after being stimulated, indicating that there is a membrane potential response independent of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the electrical signal to flg22 and elf18 are strictly dependent on the activity of FLS2-related receptor-like kinase BAK1, indicating that the activation of FLS2 and EFR leads to BAK1-dependent, and the opening of Ca2 + -related plasma membrane anion channels is the first step in the pathogen defense pathway. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the functions of FLS2 and EFR, the early events of plant response to pathogens, and provides evidence for uncovering how plants recognize pathogens, how to respond, and how to increase resistance to pathogens. Keywords: innate immunity; Ca2 +; ion channels References: Elena Jeworutzki, et al, The Plant Journal (2010) 62: 367-378
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