Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and slow-growing soybean rhizobia synergistically promote the release of protons from rhizobia and hyphae

Most legumes are symbiotic with fungi. The absorption of phosphorus (P) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and the fixation of nitrogen (N2) by rhizobia have important agronomic and ecological significance. The mechanism of how the three symbiosis of plant-AM fungus-rhizobium efficiently absorb nutrients has attracted much attention. AM fungi and rhizobia can effectively increase nitrogen fixation and plant absorption of phosphorus in the soil, but this disrupts the balance of anions and cations in the roots. Excessive cations need to be secreted from the roots to achieve balance. H + is the main cation secreted. However, it is unclear whether root nodules can directly release H + to cause acidification of the soil, and how AM fungi affect the fungal mycorrhizal process.

In 2011, scientists from China Agricultural University injected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (GM) and slow-growing soybean rhizobia (BJ) into soybean seedlings. The in-situ non-invasive micro-testing technique was used to study the two fungi's separate effects and interaction The effect of H + outflow on root nodules or extra-root hyphae. GM increased the H + outflow of fungal mycorrhizal lateral root nodules by 3 times, and BJ increased the H + outflow of mycelium of the lateral roots close to the root nodules by 8 times. The increase of plant P content was significantly and positively correlated with the nodule and hyphae H + outflow. The results of the study suggest that the lateral root AM fungi induced nitrogenase activity and increased H + outflow of the nodule.

This study made us realize that the interaction of fungal mycorrhizal and rhizobia increased the degree of acidification of the nodule space and mycelium space, which provided a basis for further research on the role of plant nitrogen fixation and P.

Keywords: soybean, fungus, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus (P), proton efflux (H + efflux), non-invasive micro-measurement technique Reference: Ding XD et al. Mycorrhiza, 2011 Apr 15.
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